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基于DFMEA流程的
研发数据管理实务教程
【课程背景】
本课程讲授基于DFMEA流程的研发数据管理。
产品数据管理是企业研发实现规范化并行化的基础,是研发与供应链、销售、售后服务之间的桥梁和纽带。产品数据管理为企业提高研发效率,改善研发与相关部门和供应链的协作,支撑企业实现并行开发中心、并行制造中心。
最为重要的是,产品数据是将个人技术经验转化为企业技术资产的关键途径,打造夯实企业核心竞争力。
本课程揭示有效数据来源和生成流程,展现研发产品数据管理在现代研发流程DFMEA/IPD核心管理链中新地位和新作用,使学员领悟面向客户、面向供应链的BOM结构设计原理,全面掌握产品数据(BOM、研发文档、图纸、研发过程数据、动态数据变更、数据评审)的管理模式和详细操作流程,驾驭研发、供应链、市场销售、客户服务与产品数据的联系,使企业理顺研发数据管理,实施适合企业的产品数据业务管理最佳实践。
【课程对象】 研发总经理/副总、总工/技术总监、研发经理/项目经
理/产品经理、研发核心骨干;
采购、制造、设备、财务、商务、定价、售后服务等
相关部门流程主管、IT主管、供应链Officer;
BOM、文档图纸管理、标准化工程师等。
【课程安排】12课时 或24课时(6课时/天)
【课程总目录】
第一部分 APQP与DFMEA再认识
第二部分 DFMEA数据深度解析
第三部分 DFMEA标准流程与模版数据管理
第四部分 研发数据管理盲区误区和雷区
第五部分 现代研发数据审核
第六部分 当代研发数据源激活精解(一)
第七部分 当代研发数据源激活精解(二)
第八部分 特别互动 —内训企业数据管理专项专题
第九部分 总结与互勉
【课程大纲细化】
第一部分 APQP与DFMEA再认识
1.1 Reunderstanding of APQP
Concurrence Engineering (并行工程或平台工作队)
当代APQP演变与演化方向
案例:跨国500强大数据级狼吞虎咽野战案例、
最终迫使德国对手赠送企业,洗手江湖。
Reconsideration of APQP
1.2 Reunderstanding of FMEA
System Reliability Failure Modes Causes and Effects
Specific FMEA worksheet Variations of such worksheets
Qualitative analysis Quantitative basis
Mathematical failure rate models
Statistical failure mode ratio database.
1.3 FMEA & FMECA
Functional FMEA Design FMEA Process FMEA Control plan
PFMEA Machine FMEA
FMECA = FMEA + CA(Criticality Analysis)
Inductive reasoning归纳推理 Criticality analysis
Backward logic反求推理 Complete scenario modeling FTA
Reliability engineering Safety engineering Quality engineering
Based on experience Based on common logic
Consequences of failures on different levels.
1.4 Functional analyses
Functional FMEA Piece-Part (hardware) FMEA
Structure Mitigation for Risk reduction
Severity reduction Probability reduction
An appropriate depth of information and intelligence 足够深度的信息情报
An in depth practical Experience to Engineering 足够深度的工程经验
第二部分 DFMEA数据深度解析
3.1 Background & Standards Necessary
FMECA were described in MIL-STD-1629A (1949-1980)
NASA were using variations of FMECA from1960.
SAE published ARP4761, broadly used in civil aviation.
Ford Motor introduced FMECA to the automotive industry in 1975.
AIAG first published FMEA standard for automotive industry in 1993
SAE first published related standard J1739 in 1994.
Toyota taken the step further with its DRBFM approach in 1997.
FMEA → FMECA → FMMEA
3.2 Basic terms 基本术语
Failure Failure mode
Failure cause and/or mechanism Failure effect
Indenture levels
Local effect Next higher level effect End effect
Detection
Probability
Risk Priority Number (RPN)
Severity
Remarks / mitigation / actions
3.3 Ground rules 基本法则
遵循四个假设前提:
失效模式唯一法则Only one failure mode exists at a time
标准值法则 品量足够法则 标准且可行能耗量法则
3.4 DFMEA Benefits
七大收益区
四大前景目标
十四大具体企业受益点
3.5 Key Factor of DFMEA — Timing
DFMEA最关键因素 —时效
DFMEA五种必须更新或重做的情况
3.6 本课程研讨的DFMEA的种类
Functional
Concept Design / Hardware
Detailed Design / Hardware
Or surely an combination of the above three
第三部分 DFMEA标准流程与模版数据管理
Worksheet(ARP4761)-DFMEA(Hardware)
本部分依据SAE(美国汽车工程师协会)最新版本ARP4761编制。
符合美国军标最新版本MIL-STD-1629A, 和AIAG(美国汽车工业
执行集团)最新版本FMEA标准。
本模版所针对适用的是硬件研发标的。
4.1 Example Worksheet 标准模版
模版熟悉 热身解析
工具表:《DFMEA Worksheet》
4.2 Probability —(P)
Likelihood of occurrence
Examples of these effects
工具表:《Probability Ranking Sheet》
4.3 Severity —(S)
Worst-case scenario adverse end effect (state)
Examples of these effects
Probability and detectability
工具表:《Severity number Sheet》
hazard analysis
Other classifications
4.4 Detection —(D)
Means a failure detected or isolated
Multiple failure scenarios
Problematic failure latent failures
Diagnostic action automatic rebuilt
工具表:《Detection Level Sheet》
4.5 Dormancy or Latency Period
Time that a failure be undetected
Example
工具表:《Dormancy/Latency Period Sheet》
4.6 Indication
Second failure indication
工具表:《Second failure indication description Sheet》
Detection Coverage Analysis Limiting factor
Detection coverage possibilities Detection means availability
Test Processes & Monitoring
4.7 Risk Level —(PxS+D) or(PxSxD)
Risk in DFMEA Risk levels.
Preliminary Risk levels Risk Matrix (基于美国军标MIL Std 882)
Final decision-making
工具表:《DFMECA Risk Matrix Sheet》
During this step the DFMEA has become like a DFMECA
第四部分 研发数据管理盲区误区和雷区
5.1 Limitations
Challenges arise in scoping and organisational boundaries
Limitation as a top-down tool
Limitation as a "bottom-up" tool
Limitation in multiplication of the rankings in sheets
第五部分 现代研发数据审核
互动:企业秘密 vs 企业命脉
跨国500强,
视技术图纸工艺参数为企业秘密,达不到层级禁止阅览;
那么, 他们视什么为企业命脉?!任何层级禁止带出室外?
6.1 Design Review (U.S. government)
美国政府军方DV (设计审核)是什么?
Tailored to multiple acquisition
Adequacy of program/metrics, risks, budget & schedule.
Defense Acquisition Guidebook chapter 4 国防采办指导书第四章
6.2 Review Process 常用DFMEA审核流程
Content, Nature, Process and Objectives
Example
a 5-day perusal of each individual requirement
a 2-day discussion of documents after approved
a half-day PowerPoint by PM limited to high-level big figures
6.3 常用DFMEA项目审核节点
MCR SRR MDR SDR
PDR Typical objectives of a PDR
CDR Typical objectives of a CDR
PRR TRR SAR
ORR Typical objectives of an ORR
FRR Typical objectives of a FRR
第六部分 当代研发数据激活本源精解(一)
7.1 DRBFM是什么
DRBFM:Design Review Based on Failure Mode
Toyota Motor taken the step further with its DRBFM approach in 1997.
7.2 Methodology
SAE J2886 Recommended Practice was published in 2013
AIAG DRBFM Reference Guide was published in September 2014
7.3 Good Design
Design Disturbance Small increments
Discontinuity of implementation Detection Capacity
SAE pd251136 J2886
AIAG Reference Guide
7.4 Good Discussion
Design weaknesses
Changes understanding Changes trivializing
Preliminary design reviews
Linkage between good design review & DFMEA
Making changes visible Anything impacts quality, cost or delivery
7.5 Good Dissection
Observation product test before, during & after completion
DRBTR: Design Review Based on Test Results
第七部分 当代研发数据激活本源精解(二)
8.1 DRBTR是什么
DRBFM:Design Review Based on Failure Mode
Buds of Problems Validation Test
8.2 DRBTR操作与实施
GD3 concept
Product weaknesses visible
test failures are evident
cross functional multi-perspective approach
DRBTR information sharing
SAE pd251136 J2886
AIAG Reference Guide
第八部分 特别互动 —内训企业数据管理专项专题
本部分解析回答内训企业提出的专项专题
实现现代数据管理Localization(本地本土化)
第九部分 总结与互勉
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